i
N´úmero especial "Crisis capitalista, derechas, rebeliones y luchas sociales en curso". El plazo para la recepción de artículos es el 30 de abril de 2024.
Para más información, revisar el siguiente enlace.
¿Dónde está lo “social” en trabajo social? Un análisis del uso de la teoría en la intervención de trabajadoras/es sociales
Autores/as
-
Barbra Teater
City University of New York
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1503-0096
- Katrina Hannan City University of New York
Resumen
La teoría sirve como fuente de conocimientos que orienta las intervenciones del trabajo social. Si lo que se busca es aportar a la transformación y a la justicia social en el momento social y político actual, las/os trabajadores sociales deben ser conscientes y analíticos al momento de fundamentar teóricamente sus intervenciones. Este estudio exploratorio y cualitativo buscó examinar la manera en que las teorías son asimiladas por parte de trabajadoras/es sociales en los Estados Unidos, los propósitos que justifican la elección de teorías y la orientación hacia la transformación y la justicia social que tenían sus intervenciones profesionales. Se realizaron veinte entrevistas semi-estructuradas con trabajadoras/es sociales, las que fueron analizadas mediante un análisis de contenido sumativo. Los hallazgos revelan que las/os trabajadores sociales utilizan teorías que tienen el propósito de resolver problemas a nivel individual principalmente. Solo un trabajador social dio cuenta de teorías orientadas al empoderamiento y dos trabajadoras sociales relataron el uso de la teoría con propósitos de transformación social más estructural. Estos resultados sugieren una discordancia respecto de la definición global de trabajo social, que promueve el cambio social y la justicia social como objetivos clave de la profesión y disciplina. Las intervenciones de las/os trabajadoras/es sociales participantes en este estudio reflejan el individualismo que está a la base del capitalismo neoliberal. Finalmente, se discuten algunas consideraciones para una redefinición de la intervención de trabajo social comprometido con el cambio social y la justicia social.Palabras clave:
teoría, cambio social, justicia social, práctica anti-opresiva, Estados UnidosReferencias
Bailey, Z. D., Krieger, N., Agenor, M., Graves, J., Linos, N., & Bassett, M. T. (2017). Structural
racism and health inequalities in the USA: Evidence and interventions. Lancet, 389(10077), 1453-1463. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30569-X
Center for Disease Control. (2020a, September 23). CDC COVID data tracker. https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#cases_casesinlast7days
Center for Disease Control. (2020b, September 23). Demographic trends of COVID-19 cases and deaths in the US reported to the CDC. https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#demographics
Crenshaw, K. W. (2017). On intersectionality: Essential writings. The New Press. 142.
Cox, D., Cleak, H., Bhathal, A., & Brophy, L. (2020). Theoretical frameworks in social work education: A scoping review. Social Work Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2020.1745172
Delgado, R. & Stefancic, J. (2017). Critical race theory: An introduction. New York University Press.
Gitterman, A. (2014). Social work: A professional in search of its identity. Journal of Social Work Education, 50(4), 599-607. https://doi.org.10.1080/10437797.2014.947898
Hill, K., Fogel, S., Plitt Donaldson, L., & Erickson, C. (2017). State definitions of social work practice: Implications for our professional identity. Journal of Evidence-Informed Social Work, 14(4), 266-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/23761407.2017.1319775
Howe, D. (2016). An introduction to social work theory: Making sense in practice. Routledge. Hsieh, H. F. & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis.
Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277 – 1288.
International Federation of Social Workers. (2014). Global definition of social work. Retrieved September 19, 2020, from https://www.ifsw.org/what-is-social-work/global-definition-of-social-work/
Lightfood, E., Nienow, M., Moua, K. N. L., Colburn, G., & Petri, A. (2016). Insights on professional identification and licensure from community social workers. Journal of Community Practice, 24(2), 123-146. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705422.2016.1165328
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry (1st ed.). Sage.
Lub, V. (2019). Theory, social work methods and participation. Journal of Social Work, 19(1),
3-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468017318757297
Lune, H., & Berg, B. L. (2017). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (9th ed.). Pearson.
McGregor, C. (2019). A paradigm framework for social work theory for early 21st century practice. British Journal of Social Work, 49(8), 2112-2129. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcz006
Mullaly, R. (2007). The new structural social work (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Montano, C. (2012). Social work theory-practice relationship: Challenges to overcoming positivist and postmodern fragmentation. International Social Work, 55(3), 306-319. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872812437226
National Association of Social Worker. (2020, September 20). Practice. https://www.socialworkers.org/Practice
New York State Education Department. (2020, September 18). Licensure statistics. http://www.op.nysed.gov/prof/sw/swcounts.htm
Payne, M. (2014). Modern social work theory (4th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
Teater, B. (2020). An introduction to applying social work theories and methods (3rd ed.).
McGraw Hill/Open University Press.
Williams, D. R., Lawrence, J. A., & Davis, B. A. (2019). Racism and health: Evidence and needed research. Annual Review of Public Health, 40, 105-125. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pubhealth-040218-043750
Worsley, A., Beddoe, L., McLaughlin, K., & Teater, B. (2020). Regulation, registration and social work: An international comparison. British Journal of Social Work, 50(2), 308-325. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcz152
racism and health inequalities in the USA: Evidence and interventions. Lancet, 389(10077), 1453-1463. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30569-X
Center for Disease Control. (2020a, September 23). CDC COVID data tracker. https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#cases_casesinlast7days
Center for Disease Control. (2020b, September 23). Demographic trends of COVID-19 cases and deaths in the US reported to the CDC. https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#demographics
Crenshaw, K. W. (2017). On intersectionality: Essential writings. The New Press. 142.
Cox, D., Cleak, H., Bhathal, A., & Brophy, L. (2020). Theoretical frameworks in social work education: A scoping review. Social Work Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2020.1745172
Delgado, R. & Stefancic, J. (2017). Critical race theory: An introduction. New York University Press.
Gitterman, A. (2014). Social work: A professional in search of its identity. Journal of Social Work Education, 50(4), 599-607. https://doi.org.10.1080/10437797.2014.947898
Hill, K., Fogel, S., Plitt Donaldson, L., & Erickson, C. (2017). State definitions of social work practice: Implications for our professional identity. Journal of Evidence-Informed Social Work, 14(4), 266-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/23761407.2017.1319775
Howe, D. (2016). An introduction to social work theory: Making sense in practice. Routledge. Hsieh, H. F. & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis.
Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277 – 1288.
International Federation of Social Workers. (2014). Global definition of social work. Retrieved September 19, 2020, from https://www.ifsw.org/what-is-social-work/global-definition-of-social-work/
Lightfood, E., Nienow, M., Moua, K. N. L., Colburn, G., & Petri, A. (2016). Insights on professional identification and licensure from community social workers. Journal of Community Practice, 24(2), 123-146. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705422.2016.1165328
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry (1st ed.). Sage.
Lub, V. (2019). Theory, social work methods and participation. Journal of Social Work, 19(1),
3-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468017318757297
Lune, H., & Berg, B. L. (2017). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (9th ed.). Pearson.
McGregor, C. (2019). A paradigm framework for social work theory for early 21st century practice. British Journal of Social Work, 49(8), 2112-2129. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcz006
Mullaly, R. (2007). The new structural social work (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Montano, C. (2012). Social work theory-practice relationship: Challenges to overcoming positivist and postmodern fragmentation. International Social Work, 55(3), 306-319. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872812437226
National Association of Social Worker. (2020, September 20). Practice. https://www.socialworkers.org/Practice
New York State Education Department. (2020, September 18). Licensure statistics. http://www.op.nysed.gov/prof/sw/swcounts.htm
Payne, M. (2014). Modern social work theory (4th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
Teater, B. (2020). An introduction to applying social work theories and methods (3rd ed.).
McGraw Hill/Open University Press.
Williams, D. R., Lawrence, J. A., & Davis, B. A. (2019). Racism and health: Evidence and needed research. Annual Review of Public Health, 40, 105-125. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-pubhealth-040218-043750
Worsley, A., Beddoe, L., McLaughlin, K., & Teater, B. (2020). Regulation, registration and social work: An international comparison. British Journal of Social Work, 50(2), 308-325. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcz152
